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Bats use topography and nocturnal updrafts to fly high and fast

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2021

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Amorim, Francisco
McCracken, Gary F
Mata, Vanessa
Tomé, Ricardo
Swartz, Sharon
et al.

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Current biology. Cell Press. 2021, 31(6), pp. 1311-1316.e4. ISSN 0960-9822. eISSN 1879-0445. Available under: doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.12.042

Zusammenfassung

During the day, flying animals exploit the environmental energy landscape by seeking out thermal or orographic uplift, or extracting energy from wind gradients.1-6 However, most of these energy sources are not thought to be available at night because of the lower thermal potential in the nocturnal atmosphere, as well as the difficulty of locating features that generate uplift. Despite this, several bat species have been observed hundreds to thousands of meters above the ground.7-9 Individuals make repeated, energetically costly high-altitude ascents,10-13 and others fly at some of the fastest speeds observed for powered vertebrate flight.14 We hypothesized that bats use orographic uplift to reach high altitudes,9,15-17 and that both this uplift and bat high-altitude ascents would be highly predictable.18 By superimposing detailed three-dimensional GPS tracking of European free-tailed bats (Tadarida teniotis) on high-resolution regional wind data, we show that bats do indeed use the energy of orographic uplift to climb to over 1,600 m, and also that they reach maximum sustained self-powered airspeeds of 135 km h-1. We show that wind and topography can predict areas of the landscape able to support high-altitude ascents, and that bats use these locations to reach high altitudes while reducing airspeeds. Bats then integrate wind conditions to guide high-altitude ascents, deftly exploiting vertical wind energy in the nocturnal landscape.

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570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

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ISO 690O'MARA, Michael Teague, Francisco AMORIM, Martina SCACCO, Gary F MCCRACKEN, Kamran SAFI, Vanessa MATA, Ricardo TOMÉ, Sharon SWARTZ, Martin WIKELSKI, Dina K. N. DECHMANN, 2021. Bats use topography and nocturnal updrafts to fly high and fast. In: Current biology. Cell Press. 2021, 31(6), pp. 1311-1316.e4. ISSN 0960-9822. eISSN 1879-0445. Available under: doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.12.042
BibTex
@article{OMara2021-03-22topog-52807,
  year={2021},
  doi={10.1016/j.cub.2020.12.042},
  title={Bats use topography and nocturnal updrafts to fly high and fast},
  number={6},
  volume={31},
  issn={0960-9822},
  journal={Current biology},
  pages={1311--1316.e4},
  author={O'Mara, Michael Teague and Amorim, Francisco and Scacco, Martina and McCracken, Gary F and Safi, Kamran and Mata, Vanessa and Tomé, Ricardo and Swartz, Sharon and Wikelski, Martin and Dechmann, Dina K. N.}
}
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    <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="eng">During the day, flying animals exploit the environmental energy landscape by seeking out thermal or orographic uplift, or extracting energy from wind gradients.1-6 However, most of these energy sources are not thought to be available at night because of the lower thermal potential in the nocturnal atmosphere, as well as the difficulty of locating features that generate uplift. Despite this, several bat species have been observed hundreds to thousands of meters above the ground.7-9 Individuals make repeated, energetically costly high-altitude ascents,10-13 and others fly at some of the fastest speeds observed for powered vertebrate flight.14 We hypothesized that bats use orographic uplift to reach high altitudes,9,15-17 and that both this uplift and bat high-altitude ascents would be highly predictable.18 By superimposing detailed three-dimensional GPS tracking of European free-tailed bats (Tadarida teniotis) on high-resolution regional wind data, we show that bats do indeed use the energy of orographic uplift to climb to over 1,600 m, and also that they reach maximum sustained self-powered airspeeds of 135 km h-1. We show that wind and topography can predict areas of the landscape able to support high-altitude ascents, and that bats use these locations to reach high altitudes while reducing airspeeds. Bats then integrate wind conditions to guide high-altitude ascents, deftly exploiting vertical wind energy in the nocturnal landscape.</dcterms:abstract>
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