Dopaminergic stimulation increases selfish behavior in the absence of punishment threat
Dopaminergic stimulation increases selfish behavior in the absence of punishment threat
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2014
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Psychopharmacology ; 231 (2014), 1. - pp. 135-141. - ISSN 0033-3158. - eISSN 1432-2072
Abstract
Rationale
People often face decisions that pit self-interested behavior aimed at maximizing personal reward against normative behavior such as acting cooperatively, which benefits others. The threat of social sanctions for defying the fairness norm prevents people from behaving overly selfish. Thus, normative behavior is influenced by both seeking rewards and avoiding punishment. However, the neurochemical processes mediating the impact of these influences remain unknown. Several lines of evidence link the dopaminergic system to reward and punishment processing, respectively, but this evidence stems from studies in non-social contexts.
Objectives
The present study investigates dopaminergic drug effects on individuals' reward seeking and punishment avoidance in social interaction.
Methods
Two-hundred one healthy male participants were randomly assigned to receive 300 mg of l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) or a placebo before playing an economic bargaining game. This game involved two conditions, one in which unfair behavior could be punished and one in which unfair behavior could not be punished.
Results
In the absence of punishment threats, L-DOPA administration led to more selfish behavior, likely mediated through an increase in reward seeking. In contrast, L-DOPA administration had no significant effect on behavior when faced with punishment threats.
Conclusions
The results of this study broaden the role of the dopaminergic system in reward seeking to human social interactions. We could show that even a single dose of a dopaminergic drug may bring selfish behavior to the fore, which in turn may shed new light on potential causal relationships between the dopaminergic system and norm abiding behaviors in certain clinical subpopulations.
People often face decisions that pit self-interested behavior aimed at maximizing personal reward against normative behavior such as acting cooperatively, which benefits others. The threat of social sanctions for defying the fairness norm prevents people from behaving overly selfish. Thus, normative behavior is influenced by both seeking rewards and avoiding punishment. However, the neurochemical processes mediating the impact of these influences remain unknown. Several lines of evidence link the dopaminergic system to reward and punishment processing, respectively, but this evidence stems from studies in non-social contexts.
Objectives
The present study investigates dopaminergic drug effects on individuals' reward seeking and punishment avoidance in social interaction.
Methods
Two-hundred one healthy male participants were randomly assigned to receive 300 mg of l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) or a placebo before playing an economic bargaining game. This game involved two conditions, one in which unfair behavior could be punished and one in which unfair behavior could not be punished.
Results
In the absence of punishment threats, L-DOPA administration led to more selfish behavior, likely mediated through an increase in reward seeking. In contrast, L-DOPA administration had no significant effect on behavior when faced with punishment threats.
Conclusions
The results of this study broaden the role of the dopaminergic system in reward seeking to human social interactions. We could show that even a single dose of a dopaminergic drug may bring selfish behavior to the fore, which in turn may shed new light on potential causal relationships between the dopaminergic system and norm abiding behaviors in certain clinical subpopulations.
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330 Economics
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PEDRONI, Andreas, Christoph EISENEGGER, Matthias N. HARTMANN, Urs FISCHBACHER, Daria KNOCH, 2014. Dopaminergic stimulation increases selfish behavior in the absence of punishment threat. In: Psychopharmacology. 231(1), pp. 135-141. ISSN 0033-3158. eISSN 1432-2072. Available under: doi: 10.1007/s00213-013-3210-xBibTex
@article{Pedroni2014Dopam-29649,
year={2014},
doi={10.1007/s00213-013-3210-x},
title={Dopaminergic stimulation increases selfish behavior in the absence of punishment threat},
number={1},
volume={231},
issn={0033-3158},
journal={Psychopharmacology},
pages={135--141},
author={Pedroni, Andreas and Eisenegger, Christoph and Hartmann, Matthias N. and Fischbacher, Urs and Knoch, Daria}
}
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="eng">Rationale<br /><br />People often face decisions that pit self-interested behavior aimed at maximizing personal reward against normative behavior such as acting cooperatively, which benefits others. The threat of social sanctions for defying the fairness norm prevents people from behaving overly selfish. Thus, normative behavior is influenced by both seeking rewards and avoiding punishment. However, the neurochemical processes mediating the impact of these influences remain unknown. Several lines of evidence link the dopaminergic system to reward and punishment processing, respectively, but this evidence stems from studies in non-social contexts.<br /><br />Objectives<br /><br />The present study investigates dopaminergic drug effects on individuals' reward seeking and punishment avoidance in social interaction.<br /><br />Methods<br /><br />Two-hundred one healthy male participants were randomly assigned to receive 300 mg of l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) or a placebo before playing an economic bargaining game. This game involved two conditions, one in which unfair behavior could be punished and one in which unfair behavior could not be punished.<br /><br />Results<br /><br />In the absence of punishment threats, L-DOPA administration led to more selfish behavior, likely mediated through an increase in reward seeking. In contrast, L-DOPA administration had no significant effect on behavior when faced with punishment threats.<br /><br />Conclusions<br /><br />The results of this study broaden the role of the dopaminergic system in reward seeking to human social interactions. We could show that even a single dose of a dopaminergic drug may bring selfish behavior to the fore, which in turn may shed new light on potential causal relationships between the dopaminergic system and norm abiding behaviors in certain clinical subpopulations.</dcterms:abstract>
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