Comparative characterization of bacterial immune stimuli

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2005
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Traub, Stephanie
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Comparative characterization of bacterial immune stimuli
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Abstract
The immune system responds to invading pathogens with a broad spectrum of inflammatory reactions. The pathogens are recognized by different immune cells via the pathogen recognition receptors. These pathogen recognition receptors detect conserved structures of pathogens, the pathogen-associated molecular patterns. The pathogen-associated molecular patterns are structures of the bacterial cell wall or intracellular molecules. Eminent structures from Gram-negative bacteria are lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan and bacterial DNA, while conserved structures from Gram-positive bacteria are lipoteichoic acid, peptidoglycan as well as bacterial DNA. Naturally occurring breakdown products of peptidoglycan are called muropeptides. One prominent muropeptide is muramyl dipeptide, which is known as minimal principle for adjuvant activity.
In this work a comparative characterization of whole Staphylococcus aureus, lipoteichoic acid, bacterial DNA, peptidoglycan and muropeptides have been carried out. This work shows that lipoteichoic acid is the main immunostimulatory principle of Staphylococcus aureus. Muramyl dipeptide and other muropeptides synergize in cytokine induction with lipopolysaccharide and bacterial DNA. The structural requirements and the mechanism of synergy of lipopolysaccharide and bacterial DNA with muramyl dipeptide have been characterized. These findings add to our understanding of bacterial immune recognition by the innate immune system.
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Das Immunsystem reagiert auf eindringende Pathogene mit einem breiten Spektrum an entzündlichen Reaktionen. Die Pathogene werden über Erkennungsrezeptoren durch unterschiedliche Immunzellen erkannt. Diese Erkennungsrezeptoren erkennen konservierte Strukturen von Pathogenen, die pathogen-assoziierten molekularen Muster. Diese Muster sind Strukturen der bakteriellen Zellwand oder intrazelluläre Moleküle. Bekannte Strukturen von Gram-negativen Bakterien sind Lipopolysaccharid, Peptidoglykan und bakterielle DNA, während konservierte Strukturen von Gram-positiven Bakterien Lipoteichonsäure, Peptidoglykan sowie bakterielle DNA sind. Natürlich vorkommende Bruchstücke des Peptidoglykans werden Muropeptide genannt. Ein bekanntes Muropeptid ist Muramyldipeptid, das als minimales Prinzip für Adjuvantaktivität bekannt ist.
In dieser Arbeit wurde eine vergleichende Charakterisierung von ganzen Staphylococcus aureus, Lipoteichonsäure, bakterieller DNA, Peptidoglykan und Muropeptiden durchgeführt. Diese Arbeit zeigt, dass Lipoteichonsäure das wichtigste immunstimulatorische Prinzip von Staphylococcus aureus ist. Muramyldipeptid und andere Muropeptide induzieren bei gleichzeitiger Stimulation mit Lipopolysaccharid und bakterieller DNA eine synergistische Zytokin-Freisetzung. Die strukturellen Vorraussetzungen und der Mechanismus der Synergie von Lipopolysaccharid und bakterieller DNA mit Muropeptiden wurden untersucht. Diese Ergebnisse tragen zum besseren Verständnis der Immunerkennung von Bakterien durch das Immunsystem bei.
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570 Biosciences, Biology
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Muropeptide,CpG-DNA,immune system,immune modulation,cytokine,muropeptides,lipopolysaccharide
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ISO 690TRAUB, Stephanie, 2005. Comparative characterization of bacterial immune stimuli [Dissertation]. Konstanz: University of Konstanz
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@phdthesis{Traub2005Compa-7402,
  year={2005},
  title={Comparative characterization of bacterial immune stimuli},
  author={Traub, Stephanie},
  address={Konstanz},
  school={Universität Konstanz}
}
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