Rapid brain responses to affective pictures indicate dimensions of trauma-related psychopathology in adolescents

Abstract

A variety of mental disorders are related to deviant brain activity, but these neural alterations do not validate psychiatric diagnostic categories. High symptom overlap and variable symptom patterns encourage a dimensional approach. Following the logic of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), we investigated trauma survivors for symptom clusters that might be associated with characteristics of ERPs, in particular with the early posterior negativity (EPN) elicited during affective picture processing. In rapid serial visual presentation, 90 adolescents (40 male/50 female, age M = 15.0 ± 2.5 years) who had been exposed to varying amounts of traumatic stress passively viewed a stream of high-arousing positive and low-arousing neutral pictures taken from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Using standardized interviews, symptoms of trauma-related mental disorders were assessed (including those for PTSD, depression, borderline personality disorder, and behavioral problems). A principal component analysis was performed to derive potential dimensions of psychopathology. Multiple regression analysis confirmed a factor comprising problems concentrating, sleeping difficulties, and mistrust as a predictor of a larger EPN difference between high-arousing positive and low-arousing neutral IAPS pictures (β = 0.19, p < 0.05). Sex predicted the magnitude of the EPN (β = 0.45, p < 0.001). Male adolescents displayed a stronger EPN suppression than female adolescents. The result suggests that problems concentrating, sleeping difficulties, and mistrust seem to be trans-diagnostic elements related to diminished early emotional discrimination represented by the EPN. Furthermore, our findings indicate that the EPN in response to emotional processing is modulated by sex.