Enhanced glucocorticoid sensitivity of cytokine release from circulating leukocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide in healthy male smokers

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2004
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von Känel, Roland
Kunz-Ebrecht, Sabine
Ehlert, Ulrike
Fischer, Joachim E.
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Brain, behavior, and immunity ; 18 (2004), 6. - S. 536-543. - ISSN 0889-1591. - eISSN 1090-2139
Zusammenfassung
Smoking is a strong cardiovascular risk factor that promotes inflammation. The source of elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines in the circulation of smokers is not fully understood. We investigated the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from circulating leukocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and its inhibition by glucocorticoids in smokers and non-smokers. Ninety-three middle-aged apparently healthy men were categorized as smokers (> 10 cigarettes/day; n = 41) or life-long non-smokers (n = 52). Peripheral cortisol was assessed from overnight urine. C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were measured in plasma. LPS-stimulated interleukin (IL)-6 and TNF-alpha release from harvested circulating leukocytes were assessed using an in vitro whole blood assay with and without co-incubation of increasing concentrations of either dexamethasone or hydrocortisone. Glucocorticoid sensitivity was defined as the concentration of glucocorticoids required that inhibits LPS-stimulated cytokine release by 50%. Smokers had higher CRP levels (p = .005) and a trend for higher basal TNF-alpha levels (p < .07), and they also showed lower IL-6 and TNF-alpha release after LPS-stimulation than non-smokers (p's < .001). While peripheral cortisol concentration showed no significant group difference, inhibition of LPS-stimulated leukocyte IL-6 and TNF-alpha release by either glucocorticoid was enhanced in smokers as compared to non-smokers (p's < .022). The finding suggests that, in spite of a low-grade systemic inflammation, smokers have decreased LPS-stimulated cytokine release from circulating leukocytes and greater glucocorticoid sensitivity of this cytokine release than non-smokers. Circulating leukocytes unlikely contribute to the elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the blood of smokers.
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Fachgebiet (DDC)
150 Psychologie
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Glucocorticoid sensitivity; Leukocytes; Cytokines; Smoking; Cardiovascular disease
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ISO 690WIRTZ, Petra H., Roland VON KÄNEL, Sabine KUNZ-EBRECHT, Ulrike EHLERT, Joachim E. FISCHER, 2004. Enhanced glucocorticoid sensitivity of cytokine release from circulating leukocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide in healthy male smokers. In: Brain, behavior, and immunity. 18(6), pp. 536-543. ISSN 0889-1591. eISSN 1090-2139. Available under: doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2004.01.002
BibTex
@article{Wirtz2004Enhan-30974,
  year={2004},
  doi={10.1016/j.bbi.2004.01.002},
  title={Enhanced glucocorticoid sensitivity of cytokine release from circulating leukocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide in healthy male smokers},
  number={6},
  volume={18},
  issn={0889-1591},
  journal={Brain, behavior, and immunity},
  pages={536--543},
  author={Wirtz, Petra H. and von Känel, Roland and Kunz-Ebrecht, Sabine and Ehlert, Ulrike and Fischer, Joachim E.}
}
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    <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="eng">Smoking is a strong cardiovascular risk factor that promotes inflammation. The source of elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines in the circulation of smokers is not fully understood. We investigated the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from circulating leukocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and its inhibition by glucocorticoids in smokers and non-smokers. Ninety-three middle-aged apparently healthy men were categorized as smokers (&gt; 10 cigarettes/day; n = 41) or life-long non-smokers (n = 52). Peripheral cortisol was assessed from overnight urine. C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were measured in plasma. LPS-stimulated interleukin (IL)-6 and TNF-alpha release from harvested circulating leukocytes were assessed using an in vitro whole blood assay with and without co-incubation of increasing concentrations of either dexamethasone or hydrocortisone. Glucocorticoid sensitivity was defined as the concentration of glucocorticoids required that inhibits LPS-stimulated cytokine release by 50%. Smokers had higher CRP levels (p = .005) and a trend for higher basal TNF-alpha levels (p &lt; .07), and they also showed lower IL-6 and TNF-alpha release after LPS-stimulation than non-smokers (p's &lt; .001). While peripheral cortisol concentration showed no significant group difference, inhibition of LPS-stimulated leukocyte IL-6 and TNF-alpha release by either glucocorticoid was enhanced in smokers as compared to non-smokers (p's &lt; .022). The finding suggests that, in spite of a low-grade systemic inflammation, smokers have decreased LPS-stimulated cytokine release from circulating leukocytes and greater glucocorticoid sensitivity of this cytokine release than non-smokers. Circulating leukocytes unlikely contribute to the elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the blood of smokers.</dcterms:abstract>
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