The Breast Size Satisfaction Survey (BSSS) : Breast size dissatisfaction and its antecedents and outcomes in women from 40 nations
The Breast Size Satisfaction Survey (BSSS) : Breast size dissatisfaction and its antecedents and outcomes in women from 40 nations
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Date
2020
Authors
Swami, Viren
Tran, Ulrich S.
Barron, David
Afhami, Reza
Aimé, Annie
Almenara, Carlos A.
Alp Dal, Nursel
Amaral, Ana Carolina Soares
Andrianto, Sonny
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Body Image ; 32 (2020). - pp. 199-217. - Elsevier. - ISSN 1740-1445. - eISSN 1873-6807
Abstract
The Breast Size Satisfaction Survey (BSSS) was established to assess women’s breast size dissatisfaction and breasted experiences from a cross-national perspective. A total of 18,541 women were recruited from 61 research sites across 40 nations and completed measures of current-ideal breast size discrepancy, as well as measures of theorised antecedents (personality, Western and local media exposure, and proxies of socioeconomic status) and outcomes (weight and appearance dissatisfaction, breast awareness, and psychological well-being). In the total dataset, 47.5 % of women wanted larger breasts than they currently had, 23.2 % wanted smaller breasts, and 29.3 % were satisfied with their current breast size. There were significant cross-national differences in mean ideal breast size and absolute breast size dissatisfaction, but effect sizes were small (η2 = .02–.03). The results of multilevel modelling showed that greater Neuroticism, lower Conscientiousness, lower Western media exposure, greater local media exposure, lower financial security, and younger age were associated with greater breast size dissatisfaction across nations. In addition, greater absolute breast size dissatisfaction was associated with greater weight and appearance dissatisfaction, poorer breast awareness, and poorer psychological well-being across nations. These results indicate that breast size dissatisfaction is a global public health concern linked to women’s psychological and physical well-being.
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150 Psychology
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Breast size; Breast ideals; Breast awareness; Personality; Psychological well-being; Cross-cultural psychology
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SWAMI, Viren, Ulrich S. TRAN, David BARRON, Reza AFHAMI, Annie AIMÉ, Carlos A. ALMENARA, Nursel ALP DAL, Ana Carolina Soares AMARAL, Sonny ANDRIANTO, Stefan STIEGER, 2020. The Breast Size Satisfaction Survey (BSSS) : Breast size dissatisfaction and its antecedents and outcomes in women from 40 nations. In: Body Image. Elsevier. 32, pp. 199-217. ISSN 1740-1445. eISSN 1873-6807. Available under: doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.01.006BibTex
@article{Swami2020-03Breas-50016, year={2020}, doi={10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.01.006}, title={The Breast Size Satisfaction Survey (BSSS) : Breast size dissatisfaction and its antecedents and outcomes in women from 40 nations}, volume={32}, issn={1740-1445}, journal={Body Image}, pages={199--217}, author={Swami, Viren and Tran, Ulrich S. and Barron, David and Afhami, Reza and Aimé, Annie and Almenara, Carlos A. and Alp Dal, Nursel and Amaral, Ana Carolina Soares and Andrianto, Sonny and Stieger, Stefan} }
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