@article{Hardt1999Quant-8546,
  year={1999},
  doi={10.1006/jsbi.1999.4188},
  title={Quantitative energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis of calcium dynamics in cell suspensions during stimulation on a subsecond time scale : preparative and analytical aspects as exemplified with Paramecium Cells},
  number={2},
  volume={128},
  issn={1047-8477},
  journal={Journal of Structural Biology},
  pages={187--199},
  author={Hardt, Martin and Plattner, Helmut}
}

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    <dcterms:bibliographicCitation>First publ. in: Journal of Structural Biology ; 128 (1999), 2. - S. 187-199</dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
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    <dc:contributor>Hardt, Martin</dc:contributor>
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    <dc:date rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime">2011-03-24T17:44:34Z</dc:date>
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    <dcterms:title>Quantitative energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis of calcium dynamics in cell suspensions during stimulation on a subsecond time scale : preparative and analytical aspects as exemplified with Paramecium Cells</dcterms:title>
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    <dc:creator>Hardt, Martin</dc:creator>
    <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="eng">We analyzed preparative and analytical aspects of the dynamic localization of Ca2+ during cell stimulation, using a combination of quenched flow and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX). Calcium (or Sr, as a substitute) was retained as fluorides during freeze-substitution, followed by epoxide embedding. The quenched-flow used allowed analyses, during stimulation, in the subsecond time range. Sections of 500 nm were analyzed and no artificial Ca or Sr leakage was recognizable. We calculated a primary beam spread from 63 to 72 nm that roughly indicated the resolution of EDX/structure correlation. These values are quite compatible with the size of potential structures of interest, e.g., Ca stores (~100-nm thickness) or cilia (~250-nm diameter). We used widely different standards to calibrate the ratio of CaK net counts in relation to actual [Ca]. Calibration curves showed a linear relationship and a detection limit of [Ca] = 2 mM, while [Ca] in cytosol was 3 mM and in stores was 43 mM, both in nonactivated cells. Eventually Sr2+ can rapidly be substituted for Ca2+ in the medium before and during stimulation, thus allowing one to determine Me2+ fluxes. With our ''model'' cell, Paramecium, we showed that, upon stimulation (causing rapid Ca2+ mobilization from subplasmalemmal stores), Ca was immediately exchanged for Sr in stores.</dcterms:abstract>
    <dc:creator>Plattner, Helmut</dc:creator>
    <dc:contributor>Plattner, Helmut</dc:contributor>
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